Transcription
Transcription is the process by which the genetic information encoded within the DNA molecule is copied into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transcription is the process by which the genetic information encoded within the DNA molecule is copied into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This process occurs in the cell nucleus and is a crucial step in gene expression. During transcription, the DNA double helix unwinds and one strand of the DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of the complementary mRNA molecule.
The process of transcription is initiated when an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter. The RNA polymerase then unwinds a small portion of the DNA helix, exposing the bases on the template strand. As it moves along the DNA template strand, the RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA molecule according to the complementary base-pairing rules (A with U, T with A, G with C, and C with G).
As transcription continues, the mRNA molecule grows longer and peels away from the DNA template. The RNA polymerase continues to move along the DNA strand until it reaches a termination signal. At this point, the RNA polymerase, mRNA molecule, and DNA template separate from each other. The mRNA molecule is then modified and processed before it can leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm, where it can be translated into a protein.
Transcription is a highly regulated process, with various factors controlling when and where particular genes are transcribed. This regulation ensures that genes are expressed in the right cells and at the right times, allowing for the proper development and functioning of an organism.
Overall, transcription is a fundamental process in molecular biology that allows for the conversion of genetic information stored in DNA into functional products like proteins. It plays a crucial role in gene expression and the regulation of cellular processes.
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