primary succession
An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existedpRimary = Rocks
Primary succession is the process of ecological succession that occurs in an environment devoid of life and soil. In other words, primary succession takes place in areas where there is no pre-existing living organism or soil. This can happen in sites where there has been massive volcanic eruptions, landslides, glaciers or sand dunes that have wiped out all forms of vegetation.
The initial phase of primary succession is characterized by the colonization of pioneer species. These are the first organisms to colonize the barren land. Pioneer species include algae, lichens, mosses, and other hardy organisms that can survive in extreme conditions with minimal resources. They break down rocks and other materials to form the first soil layer and create more favorable living conditions for other species.
As the pioneer species grow and die, they create organic matter that eventually helps to develop soil. Over time, as the soil becomes richer and more complex, larger and more complex plants, such as shrubs and trees, can grow. These plant species support more complex ecosystems, such as diverse animal populations, thereby leading to the development of a mature and stable ecosystem.
Overall, the process of primary succession typically takes several decades or even centuries to proceed from bare rock to a complex, diverse ecosystem. It is a gradual and dynamic process that is driven by the interplay of ecological factors, such as climate, rainfall, temperature, and the availability of nutrients.
More Answers:
From Lichens to Trees: The Vital Role of Pioneer Species in Primary Succession.The Vital Role of Pioneer Species in Ecosystem Development Through Succession
Understanding Secondary Succession: The Natural Process of Ecological Recovery After Disturbance