Understanding the Role of Cementum in Tooth Support and Protection: A Guide to Cementum Functions and Maintenance

Calcified substance that covers the root of the tooth

The calcified substance that covers the root of the tooth is called cementum

The calcified substance that covers the root of the tooth is called cementum. Cementum is a hard, mineralized tissue that forms a thin layer on the surface of the root and helps support and anchor the tooth to the surrounding bone through the periodontal ligament.

Cementum is similar in composition to bone and dentin, consisting mainly of inorganic mineral salts, primarily hydroxyapatite crystals, organic collagen fibers, and water. However, it is slightly softer than enamel and dentin.

The main functions of cementum are:

1. Anchoring the tooth: Cementum helps attach the tooth to the jawbone through the periodontal ligament. The periodontal ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that holds the tooth in place and provides cushioning during biting and chewing.

2. Protection of the root: Cementum covers the root surface, protecting it from external factors such as bacteria and acids. It also helps seal the dentinal tubules present in the root, which connect the pulp chamber to the root surface.

3. Repair and regeneration: Cementum has the ability to repair and regenerate itself. It can repair minor damages that occur to the root surface due to mechanical or chemical factors. However, once significant loss of cementum occurs, it does not naturally regenerate.

It is important to maintain the health of the cementum to ensure the stability and longevity of the tooth. Regular brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings can help remove plaque and tartar buildup on the root surface, preventing gum disease and further loss of cementum.

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