Which two engineering organizations define open standards and protocols that apply to the data link layer?
The two engineering organizations that define open standards and protocols for the data link layer are:
1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): IEEE is a professional organization that develops and maintains various standards for different fields of engineering, including computer science. In the context of data link layer protocols, the IEEE 802 family of standards is of particular relevance. For example, IEEE 802.3 defines the Ethernet standard, which is widely used for wired networking, and IEEE 802.11 defines the Wi-Fi standard for wireless communication.
2. International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T): ITU-T is a standards organization under the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ITU-T develops and maintains international standards for various aspects of telecommunications, including data link layer protocols. The ITU-T X.25 protocol is an example of a data link layer protocol developed by this organization, which is commonly used for packet-switched wide area networks.
Both IEEE and ITU-T work independently but in collaboration with other stakeholders to define open standards and protocols for the data link layer. These standards enable interoperability and provide a common framework for network communication, ensuring that different devices and vendors can successfully communicate with one another at the data link layer.
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