amino acids
20 different amino acids – typical protein contains 1000 amino acids, large contain 100,000; long chains of organic molecules; 5 components: central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, amino group, carboxylic acid group, a variable group (R group/side chain)
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are small organic molecules that contain an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain (R-group) that varies among different amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that occur naturally, each with a different side chain that gives it unique properties.
Amino acids are linked together in a specific sequence using peptide bonds to form proteins. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its shape and function. Proteins play many roles in our bodies, including building and repairing tissues, facilitating chemical reactions, transporting molecules, and signaling between cells.
Our bodies can synthesize some amino acids, but others (called essential amino acids) must be obtained through our diet. Good sources of protein include meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts. Adequate protein intake is important for maintaining muscle mass, supporting immune function, and promoting overall health.
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