carbonate
CO₃²⁻
Carbonate refers to a chemical compound that contains the carbonate ion (CO3 2-), which is made up of one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms. This ion is important in many geological and biological processes, as it serves as a building block for a wide variety of minerals and is involved in carbon cycling. Common carbonates include calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is found in limestone and makes up the structures of shells and bones, and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which is used in the production of glass, soap, and other industrial products.
In general, carbonates are formed when carbon dioxide reacts with a base or a metal ion. The reaction typically produces a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas. For example, the reaction between calcium hydroxide (a base) and carbon dioxide yields calcium carbonate:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
Overall, carbonates play a significant role in several areas of science, including geology, chemistry, and biology.
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