sulfate
SO₄²⁻
Sulfate, or sulphate, is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula SO4-2. It is composed of sulfur and four oxygen atoms, and has a negative charge due to the addition of two electrons. Sulfate is found in many minerals and in various compounds, such as sulfates of metals like sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
Sulfate is an important component in the biogeochemical cycle of many elements, including sulfur, oxygen, and carbon. Sulfate reduction by microorganisms is a critical process in the cycling of sulfur and plays an important role in the production of methane in anaerobic environments. Sulfate also plays a role in the formation of atmospheric aerosols, which can impact climate and air quality.
In addition, sulfate has many industrial applications, such as in the production of fertilizers, dyes, detergents, and paper. However, excessive sulfate in water can lead to environmental and health concerns, such as corrosion of pipes and plumbing, and the formation of harmful byproducts when treating drinking water.
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