Ammonia
NH₃
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a pungent smell, composed of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, with the chemical formula NH3. It has a boiling point of -33.34°C and a melting point of -77.73°C. Ammonia is highly soluble in water and forms ammonium ions (NH4+) when dissolved in water.
Ammonia is widely used in industry, mainly as a raw material in the production of fertilizers, plastics, and synthetic fibers. It is also used as a refrigerant in some industrial cooling systems. Household uses of ammonia include cleaning agents, disinfectants, and window cleaners.
Ammonia is considered a basic compound, meaning that it can neutralize acids. It is a weak base in its pure state, but when dissolved in water, it can form a strong base, which can be harmful to living organisms. In small quantities, ammonia is relatively harmless to humans, but it can cause respiratory problems and burns at higher concentrations.
Additionally, ammonia is a common pollutant in the environment, as it is produced naturally by bacteria and other organisms, as well as by human activities such as agriculture, industrial processes, and transportation. Exposure to high levels of ammonia can be harmful to human health and to the environment.
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