Fluoride
F⁻
Fluoride is an inorganic ion that is essential to human health and is naturally present in some foods and water sources. It is most commonly associated with dental health, as it helps to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent tooth decay.
Fluoride works by combining with calcium and phosphate ions in the tooth enamel to form fluoroapatite, a more resistant compound that is less susceptible to acid attacks from bacteria in the mouth. This helps to prevent tooth decay and cavities.
Fluoride is also beneficial for bone health, as it helps to increase the density of bones. It is particularly important for children and adolescents, as it can help to prevent osteoporosis later in life.
However, excessive consumption of fluoride can lead to a condition called fluorosis, which can cause white or brown discoloration and pitting on the teeth. To prevent this, it is recommended that individuals consume no more than 1mg of fluoride per day.
The most common sources of fluoride include fluoridated water, fluoride toothpaste, and some foods and beverages. Many communities in the U.S. have fluoridated water supplies, which can help to improve dental health in the population.
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