hydroxide
OH⁻
Hydroxide is a polyatomic ion consisting of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, with a negative charge. The hydroxide ion is represented by the chemical formula OH-. It is a strong base and can react with acidic compounds to form water and a corresponding salt. Common examples of hydroxides include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2).
In aqueous solutions, hydroxide ions readily dissociate from their parent molecules and become highly reactive. Hydroxide ions act as bases because they have a strong affinity for protons (H+ ions) and can readily accept them to form water molecules. This process is called neutralization and is commonly seen in acid-base reactions.
Hydroxide ions are also involved in many biological processes, such as the hydrolysis of carbohydrates and proteins. They are also used in industrial applications for their strong basic properties, such as in the production of paper, textiles, and soap.
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