sulfate
SO₄²⁻
Sulfate, or sulphate, is a chemical compound that contains the sulfate ion, SO4 2-. Sulfate is a common anion found in minerals and salts, such as gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and Epsom salt (MgSO4·7H2O). Sulfate can be formed by the oxidation of sulfide minerals, such as pyrite (FeS2), or by the reaction of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with other substances.
In water, sulfate can have a significant impact on water quality. High levels of sulfate can cause water to taste bitter and can produce a laxative effect in humans. Additionally, sulfate can react with metals, such as lead and copper, to form insoluble sulfates that can build up in pipes and fixtures, causing plumbing problems.
Sulfate is also important in biological systems. It is a component of amino acids, such as cysteine and methionine, and is involved in the synthesis of proteins. Additionally, sulfate-reducing bacteria play a key role in the sulfur cycle, breaking down organic matter and producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Overall, sulfate is an important and versatile chemical compound with a wide range of applications and impacts in various fields, from chemistry and geology to biology and environmental science.
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