Ethane: Chemical Formula, Properties, and Industrial Applications

C2H6

C2H6 is the chemical formula for ethane, which is an organic compound belonging to the group of hydrocarbons

C2H6 is the chemical formula for ethane, which is an organic compound belonging to the group of hydrocarbons. It is a colorless, flammable gas that is a byproduct of natural gas processing and petroleum refining.

Molecular Structure:
C2H6 consists of two carbon atoms (C) and six hydrogen atoms (H). The carbon atoms are bonded to each other through a single covalent bond, forming what is known as a “single bond” or “sigma bond.” Each carbon atom is also bonded to three hydrogen atoms, resulting in a tetrahedral shape for the molecule.

Properties:
1. State of Matter: At standard temperature and pressure, ethane exists as a gas.
2. Melting and Boiling Points: Ethane has a melting point of -182.8°C (-297°F) and a boiling point of -88.6°C (-127.5°F). These low melting and boiling points are due to the relatively weak intermolecular forces between ethane molecules.
3. Density: The density of ethane gas is less than air, so it tends to rise and disperse in the atmosphere.
4. Combustibility: Ethane is highly flammable and can ignite in the presence of a spark or an open flame.
5. Solubility: Ethane is insoluble in water but can dissolve in organic solvents like acetone or ethanol.
6. Odor: Ethane is odorless, but a distinctive odorant called mercaptan is often added to commercial supplies to detect gas leaks.

Uses:
Ethane has various industrial and commercial applications, including:
1. Fuel: It is commonly used as a fuel source for heating and cooking, either as a standalone fuel or mixed with propane or natural gas.
2. Industrial Feedstock: Ethane serves as a raw material for the production of ethylene, which is used in the manufacturing of plastics, fibers, and detergents.
3. Refrigeration: Ethane can be used as a coolant in low-temperature applications due to its low boiling point.
4. Extraction: Ethane is used in the extraction of natural gas and as a diluent for the transportation of heavy oils.
5. Analytical Chemistry: Ethane is sometimes used as a calibration standard in gas chromatography.

Overall, ethane is an important compound with various industrial uses, especially in the petrochemical industry. It is vital for the production of many everyday materials and serves as a valuable source of energy.

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