guard cells
The two cells on either side of the stoma; they regulate the opening and closing of the pore in order to save/conserve water but still get CO2 into the leaf.
Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on the surface of leaves, stems, and other green parts of plants. Their main function is to regulate the movement of gases and water vapor in and out of the leaf through small pores called stomata.
Guard cells are highly dynamic cells that can respond to changes in the environment, such as light intensity, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels. When the plant needs to conserve water, the guard cells will close the stomata, reducing the rate of transpiration. In contrast, when the plant needs to take in more carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the guard cells will open the stomata, allowing gases to flow freely in and out of the leaf.
The shape and size of guard cells can change in response to changes in water pressure. When the guard cells become turgid, they bow outward, creating an opening between them that allows gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf. On the other hand, when the guard cells lose water pressure, they shrink and the pore between them closes, reducing the rate of gas exchange and conserving water.
Overall, guard cells play a crucial role in the survival of plants by regulating the exchange of gases and water vapor between the plant and its environment.
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