Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
compound used by cells to store and release energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that transports chemical energy within cells and is integral to many cellular processes, such as metabolism and growth. ATP is often referred to as the “energy currency” of the cell because it provides the necessary energy for cellular reactions.
The structure of ATP consists of a molecule of adenosine coupled with a triphosphate group. The adenosine molecule consists of a nitrogenous base called adenine and a five-carbon sugar called ribose. The triphosphate group consists of three phosphate molecules, each with a negative charge. The bonds between these phosphate molecules store energy.
When a cell requires energy for a particular reaction, the bond between the second and third phosphate group is broken, resulting in the release of energy. The product of this reaction is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule. The energy released in this reaction can be used for cellular processes such as muscle contraction, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and active transport within cells.
ATP is constantly regenerated within cells through processes such as cellular respiration, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce ATP. ATP is also important in photosynthesis, where light energy is used to convert molecules such as water into ATP.
In summary, ATP is a fundamental component of cellular energy transfer, providing energy for a wide range of cellular activities.
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