Understanding Trisomy: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Trisomy disorder

2n+1, cells have 3 copies of one chromosome

Trisomy is a genetic disorder that occurs when an individual has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two copies. Trisomy can occur in any chromosome, but the three most common types of trisomy are Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, and Trisomy 13.

Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is the most common trisomy disorder in humans. It occurs when an individual has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two copies. This extra chromosome causes physical and intellectual development delays, and individuals with Trisomy 21 may have certain physical features, such as almond-shaped eyes and a flattened facial profile.

Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards syndrome, is the second most common trisomy disorder and occurs when an individual has three copies of chromosome 18. Individuals with Trisomy 18 have significant physical and intellectual disabilities and often have life-threatening medical problems.

Trisomy 13, also known as Patau syndrome, is the least common of the three types of trisomy and occurs when an individual has three copies of chromosome 13. Individuals with Trisomy 13 also have significant physical and intellectual disabilities and often have life-threatening medical problems.

Trisomy disorders are caused by errors in the process of cell division that occurs when gametes (sperm and egg cells) are formed. The risk of having a child with a trisomy disorder increases with maternal age.

There is no cure for trisomy disorders, but treatment options can improve the quality of life for affected individuals. Medical management of the associated health problems, early intervention services, and educational support can all help individuals with trisomy disorders to reach their full potential.

More Answers: