Heredity
Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring through genes. Genes are the units of heredity and are located on chromosomes within the nucleus of a cell. The traits that are inherited can include physical characteristics, such as eye color and height, as well as traits such as intelligence, personality, and risk for certain diseases.
In sexual reproduction, the offspring inherit half of their genomic information from each parent. This is why siblings can have different traits even though they have the same parents. The traits that are inherited are determined by the specific combination of genes that an individual receives from its parents.
There are two types of genes: dominant and recessive. Dominant genes are those that will always express themselves in an individual, while recessive genes will only express themselves if an individual has two copies of the gene. For example, if a person inherits one dominant gene for brown eyes and one recessive gene for blue eyes, they will have brown eyes because the dominant gene will express itself.
Heredity can also be influenced by environmental factors such as diet, exposure to toxins, and lifestyle choices. This is why siblings can also have different traits even if they have the same genes.
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