During which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?
Interphase
The chromosomes duplicate during the S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle. During this stage, the DNA replication machinery copies the DNA in the chromosome. At the beginning of the S phase, each chromosome is still considered as a single DNA molecule consisting of one chromatid. Following DNA replication during the S phase, the chromosome transforms into a two-duplicated sister chromatids, held together at the centromere. The newly replicated chromosomes remain attached until the onset of mitosis in the M phase of the cell cycle.
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