Thylakoid
Disk-shaped structure containing chlorophyll
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments present in chloroplasts, which are the organelles in plants responsible for photosynthesis. Thylakoids are flattened, disk-like structures that are arranged in stacks called grana.
Thylakoids are essential for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Photosystems, which are complexes of proteins and pigments that absorb sunlight, are embedded in the thylakoid membranes. When light is absorbed by the photosystems, it drives a series of electron transfer reactions that produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis to produce sugars.
In addition to their role in photosynthesis, thylakoids also play a role in the stress response of plants. During periods of drought or other environmental stress, thylakoids can become disassembled, which helps to protect photosynthetic machinery from damage.
Overall, thylakoids are a crucial component of chloroplasts and are essential for the processes of photosynthesis and plant growth.
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