Cuticle
a waxy leaf layer that prevents water loss
The cuticle is a specialized layer of cells that covers the external surface of the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of plants. The primary function of the cuticle is to provide a protective barrier that prevents water loss, physical damage, and invasion by pathogens. The cuticle is composed of waxy, hydrophobic polymers, such as cutin and wax, which are synthesized by epidermal cells.
The thickness and composition of the cuticle vary among different plant species and can be influenced by environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, and humidity. The cuticle also plays a role in regulating gas exchange between the plant and its environment. For example, the cuticle may have specialized pores, called stomata, that allow for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis and respiration.
In summary, the cuticle is an essential component of plant anatomy that protects the plant from physical damage, water loss, and pathogens while also regulating gas exchange with the surrounding environment.
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