________ are produced on a large scale by cultivating and manipulating fungal cells.
antibiotics
Fungal products are produced on a large scale by cultivating and manipulating fungal cells. Fungi are important organisms used for the production of various products such as antibiotics, enzymes, organic acids, vitamins, pigments, and biofuels. The production of these products involves the use of various techniques, including submerged fermentation, solid-state fermentation, and surface fermentation. These techniques require the optimization of various parameters such as pH, temperature, nutrients, and aeration to enhance the growth of the fungal cells and the production of the desired product. Fungal products are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial applications.
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