at rest, most cells have an excess of _ charged ions inside them
negatively
At rest, most cells have an excess of negatively charged ions (anions) inside them, such as organic anions and proteins. These anions are unable to pass freely through the cell membrane. On the other hand, positively charged ions (cations) such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) are more abundant outside the cell. This creates an electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane, where the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside. This difference in charge is known as the resting membrane potential, which is essential for various cellular functions such as nerve impulse transmission and muscular contraction.
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