The Impact of Size and Surface Properties on Nanoparticle Transportability through M-cells in the Intestine

Can the nanoparticle be too large to be transported in lymph through M-cells in intestine after uptake?

Yes, it is possible for a nanoparticle to be too large to be transported in lymph through M-cells in the intestine after uptake. M-cells are specialized epithelial cells found in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), including the intestinal lining. They are responsible for transporting antigens, particles, and microorganisms from the intestinal lumen to underlying immune cells.

M-cells have certain size limitations for the particles they can transport. Generally, they can efficiently transport particles smaller than 0.5-1 micrometer in diameter. Anything larger than this may have difficulty crossing the M-cell layer and entering the lymphatic system.

Nanoparticles, by definition, have dimensions ranging from 1-100 nanometers. However, there are different types and sizes of nanoparticles. Some nanoparticles can easily pass through the M-cell layer due to their small size and specialized surface properties. These nanoparticles are often referred to as “translocating nanoparticles.” They can enter the mucosal lymphatics and be transported to draining lymph nodes.

On the other hand, larger nanoparticles may face challenges in crossing the M-cell layer and being transported by lymph through the intestine. The larger size can hinder their passage through the small fenestrations present on the M-cell surface. They may get stuck or be limited in their transport.

Additionally, the surface properties of the nanoparticle can influence its transportability through M-cells. Surface charge, hydrophobicity, and surface modifications can impact the interaction between nanoparticles and the M-cell layer. Positively charged or hydrophobic nanoparticles may have increased interactions with the M-cells, facilitating their uptake and transport.

In summary, while some nanoparticles can effectively cross the M-cell layer and be transported in lymph through the intestine, larger nanoparticles may face challenges in doing so. The size and surface properties of the nanoparticle play a crucial role in determining its transportability through M-cells in the intestine.

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