Carboxyl group
Carbon oxygen carbon linkage
The carboxyl group is a functional group that is composed of a carbon atom that is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (forming a carbonyl group) and also bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). This functional group is commonly found in organic compounds like amino acids, fatty acids, and some vitamins.
The carboxyl group is acidic in nature because it can donate a proton (H+) from the hydroxyl group to a base. This process forms a carboxylate ion and a hydrogen ion (H+). The resulting carboxylate ion is negatively charged, which makes carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, citric acid, and salicylic acid slightly acidic.
The carboxyl group is involved in the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis. In fatty acids, it is responsible for the acidic properties, and in some vitamins, it helps to regulate enzyme activity.
Overall, the carboxyl group is an important functional group in biochemistry and organic chemistry due to its acidic properties and involvement in numerous biological processes.
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