What is a mutation?
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A mutation is a permanent alteration of the genetic material (DNA) that makes up an organism’s genome. Mutations can occur spontaneously due to errors during DNA replication or as a result of exposure to environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can occur at different levels of the genetic material, such as single nucleotides (point mutations) or larger segments of DNA (insertions, deletions, or rearrangements). Some mutations alter the protein-coding sequence of a gene and can lead to changes in the resulting protein’s structure or function, while other mutations may have no apparent effect on the organism. Mutations can be beneficial, harmful or neutral depending on their effects on the organism and its survival and reproductive success.
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