Mastering Gel Electrophoresis: Separation of DNA and Proteins for Genetic Analysis

gel electrophoresis

Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used in molecular biology to separate DNA or proteins in a mixture. It involves the use of a gel matrix (usually made of polyacrylamide or agarose) containing small pores that act as a molecular sieve.

The sample to be analyzed is loaded onto the top of the gel and an electric current is applied across the gel matrix. The charged molecules (either negatively charged DNA or proteins) move towards the positive electrode and through the gel matrix. Smaller molecules move more quickly through the gel while larger molecules move more slowly. This separates the mixture into distinct bands based on size.

After electrophoresis is complete, the gel is stained with a dye, such as ethidium bromide, which binds to DNA. The resulting pattern of bands can be visualized using UV light.

Gel electrophoresis can be used for a variety of applications, such as DNA fingerprinting, identification of genetic disorders, and analysis of gene expression.

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