Understanding the Six Important Chemical Groups: Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, and Phosphate

State the six important chemical groups. Describe their bonds as well as the charge, if applicable.

Hydroxyl (-OH)Carbonyl (–C=O)Carboxyl (-COOH)Amino (-NH2)Phosphate (-OPO3 2-)Methyl (-CH3)

The six important chemical groups are:

1. Hydroxyl group (-OH): It is a functional group that contains a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an oxygen atom. The bond between hydrogen and oxygen is polar covalent because oxygen is more electronegative. Thus, the hydroxyl group has partial negative charge on oxygen and partial positive charge on hydrogen.

2. Carbonyl group (C=O): It consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. The bond between carbon and oxygen is polar covalent because oxygen is more electronegative. The carbonyl group has a partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen.

3. Carboxyl group (-COOH): It is a functional group composed of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the same carbon atom. The bond between carbon and oxygen is polar covalent and the bond between carbon and hydroxyl is polar covalent. Thus, the carboxyl group has partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on both oxygen and hydrogen.

4. Amino group (-NH2): It is a functional group that contains a nitrogen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The bond between nitrogen and hydrogen is polar covalent. Thus, the amino group has partial positive charge on nitrogen and partial negative charge on each hydrogen atom.

5. Sulfhydryl group (-SH): It is a functional group that contains a sulfur atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. The bond between sulfur and hydrogen is polar covalent. Thus, the sulfhydryl group has partial positive charge on hydrogen and partial negative charge on sulfur.

6. Phosphate group (-OPO3^2-): It is a functional group that consists of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms, three of which are bonded to a central carbon atom. The bonds between phosphorus and oxygen are polar covalent because oxygen is more electronegative. The phosphate group has negative charge due to the presence of two extra electrons on it.

More Answers: