malate dehydrogenase
-oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate-oxidizing agent is NAD+
Malate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that plays an important role in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which is the process by which cells generate energy. Specifically, malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate, which is an important step in the cycle. This reaction involves the transfer of electrons from malate to the coenzyme NAD+, which is reduced to NADH in the process.
Malate dehydrogenase is also found in other metabolic pathways, such as gluconeogenesis and the malate-aspartate shuttle, which are involved in the synthesis and transportation of glucose, respectively.
The structure of malate dehydrogenase is highly conserved across different species and consists of four subunits. The enzyme requires the presence of metal ions, such as magnesium or manganese, as cofactors for its activity. Its activity is also dependent on pH, with an optimal pH range of 7.0-8.0.
Mutations in the gene that encodes for malate dehydrogenase have been linked to various diseases, including metabolic and neurological disorders. Therefore, understanding the function and structure of this enzyme may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and facilitate the development of targeted therapies.
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