urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
The urethra is a tube-like structure that carries urine from the bladder to an external opening referred to as the urethral orifice. The urethra is a part of the urinary system and plays an essential role in the elimination of urine from the body. In males, the urethra also serves as a passageway to transport seminal fluid during ejaculation.
The length and size of the urethra vary between males and females. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the prostate gland, which secretes fluids that together with sperm create semen. On the other hand, the female urethra is much shorter and separate from the vagina and reproductive system.
The structure of the urethra is made up of smooth muscle and lined with mucous membranes. The muscle fibers of the urethra are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which is involved in involuntary control of urinary function. The urethral sphincter muscle also contributes to voluntary control of urination.
Diseases or disorders of the urethra include urinary tract infections (UTIs), urethral strictures, which is a narrowing of the urethra, and urethritis, inflammation or infection of the urethra. Treatment of such conditions may involve medication, surgery, or behavioral changes.
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