Understanding the Layers of the Epidermis: A Comprehensive Guide

From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is

Basale – spinosum – granulosum – lucidum – corneum

The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin that covers the body surface. From deep to superficial, the strata or layers of the epidermis are:

1. Stratum basale (also called the basal or germinative layer) – This is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is responsible for the continuous production of new skin cells. The cells in this layer divide and push upwards, providing a new supply of keratinocytes (skin cells) to the layers above.

2. Stratum spinosum (also known as the spinous layer) – The cells in this layer receive additional keratinocytes produced by the stratum basale. The cells in this layer have a spiny appearance under a microscope.

3. Stratum granulosum (granular layer) – This layer marks the beginning of the process of keratinization, where keratinocyte cells begin to flatten out and produce keratin. It is where the cells become more protective in nature and begin to produce granules containing lipids.

4. Stratum lucidum (clear layer) – This layer is only present in certain areas of the body, mainly on palms, soles of the feet, and the fingertips. The cells in this layer are flattened and transparent.

5. Stratum corneum (horny layer) – The outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead skin cells. This layer provides a waterproof barrier to protect the body from external factors such as pathogens, pollutants, and dehydration. The cells in this layer are fully keratinized, flaky, and easily shed from the body’s surface.

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