Understanding Oliguria: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options in Adults

oligouria

Oliguria is a medical term that refers to a decreased urine output

Oliguria is a medical term that refers to a decreased urine output. It is typically defined as producing less than 400 milliliters of urine within a 24-hour period in adults. However, the exact definition may vary depending on age, health condition, and underlying causes.

There are several possible causes of oliguria, including:

1. Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake or excessive fluid loss from sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive urination can lead to decreased urine output.

2. Kidney problems: Oliguria can occur as a result of acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI is a sudden malfunction of the kidneys, while CKD is a long-term condition characterized by progressive loss of kidney function.

3. Urinary tract obstruction: Obstruction of the urinary tract, such as by a kidney stone, tumor, or enlarged prostate, can impede the flow of urine and cause oliguria.

4. Medications: Certain medications, such as diuretics or certain blood pressure medications, may decrease urine output as a side effect.

5. Infection: Infections affecting the kidneys or urinary tract, such as pyelonephritis or urinary tract infection (UTI), can lead to decreased urine output.

The treatment for oliguria depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, addressing the root cause may help resolve the issue. For example, treating dehydration may involve increasing fluid intake or receiving intravenous fluids. If an obstruction is identified, it may require surgical intervention or other interventions to remove the obstruction and restore urine flow.

If kidney problems are responsible for oliguria, the treatment will aim to manage the underlying condition and improve kidney function. This may involve medications, dietary changes, and sometimes dialysis or kidney transplantation.

It is important to consult a medical professional if you are experiencing oliguria or any urinary changes. Oliguria can be a symptom of a severe medical condition, and early intervention can often prevent further complications. A doctor will be able to perform a physical examination, order tests, and provide an accurate diagnosis and management plan tailored to the individual’s needs.

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