Transverse Colon: Anatomy, Segments, and Functions for Optimal Gut Health

Portions of the transverse colon

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The transverse colon is a part of the large intestine that spans horizontally across the abdominal cavity. It is situated between the hepatic flexure on its right side and the splenic flexure on its left side. The portion of the transverse colon can be divided into three segments based on their positional relationship with the liver:

1. The right colic (hepatic) flexure – This is the first segment of the transverse colon, located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It connects the ascending colon to the transverse colon and is adjacent to the liver. Blood supply to this region comes from the superior mesenteric artery.

2. The transverse colon – This is the middle part of the transverse colon, which extends across the upper abdomen. It has a characteristic appearance with haustral folds, which aid in the absorption of water and electrolytes. The transverse colon receives its blood supply from the middle colic artery.

3. The left colic (splenic) flexure – This is the final segment of the transverse colon, located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It connects the transverse colon to the descending colon and is adjacent to the spleen. The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to this region.

Functions of the transverse colon:
– Absorption of water and electrolytes
– Formation and storage of feces
– Fermentation of undigested food by gut bacteria
– Transport of feces towards the rectum for elimination.

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