Periosteum
membrane covers long bone
The periosteum is a thin, fibrous layer that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints. It is composed of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and an inner cambium layer. The outer fibrous layer is made up of dense collagen fibers that provide strength and protection to the bone surface. The inner cambium layer contains osteoblasts, which are cells responsible for bone growth and repair.
The periosteum is vital for bone health because it contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone with nutrients and oxygen. Additionally, it provides attachment sites for tendons and ligaments, which help to anchor muscles and provide stability to the joint.
Injury to the periosteum can lead to bone disease and fractures because it plays an important role in bone growth and repair. If the periosteum is damaged, it may not be able to provide sufficient nutrients and oxygen to the bone, which can lead to bone death and loss of function. Therefore, it is important to protect the periosteum during surgical procedures and to address any injuries to the periosteum promptly and appropriately.
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Endosteum: The vital connective tissue lining the inner surface of bones