stratum corneum
the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, which is the topmost layer of the skin that acts as a barrier against environmental factors such as UV radiation and microorganisms. The stratum corneum is made up of layers of dead skin cells called corneocytes, which are filled with a tough, protective protein called keratin. The keratin prevents moisture loss from the skin and also protects against bacterial invasion.
The stratum corneum is constantly shedding and being replaced with new cells from the underlying epidermal layers. This shedding process, known as desquamation, typically takes about 28-30 days to complete. However, this process can be accelerated in certain conditions such as sunburns or skin disorders like psoriasis.
The stratum corneum also plays an important role in drug delivery and penetration of topical medications. The thickness and composition of this layer can affect the effectiveness of topical medications and the rate at which they are absorbed into the skin. Therefore, understanding the biology and physiology of the stratum corneum is important for developing effective skincare and therapeutic products.
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