periosteum
the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone; covering the entire surface of a bone except its articular cartilage
The periosteum is a layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints. It consists of an outer layer of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue and an inner layer of cambium cells, which are involved in bone growth and repair.
The periosteum plays a crucial role in bone formation, growth, and repair. It is responsible for providing the blood supply to the bone, which helps to nourish the bone cells and promote bone growth. The periosteum also serves as an attachment site for muscles and tendons, which helps to stabilize the bone. In addition, the periosteum contains stem cells that are capable of differentiating into bone cells and contributing to bone repair and regeneration.
Injuries to the periosteum can lead to bone fractures or other complications. Damage to the cambium layer can disrupt bone growth and repair, while damage to the outer layer can hinder blood supply to the bone and increase the risk of inflammation and infection. Therefore, it is crucial to properly care for and protect the periosteum to maintain optimal bone health.
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