parathyroid glands
small pea-like organs that regulate calcium and phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissues. 4 small glands found on posterior side of thyroid gland.
The parathyroid glands are four small glands located in the neck behind the thyroid gland. They are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate calcium levels in the body.
When calcium levels are low in the blood, the parathyroid glands release PTH, which stimulates the release of calcium from bones and also increases calcium absorption from food in the intestines. PTH also signals the kidneys to excrete less calcium in the urine, which helps maintain calcium levels in the blood.
On the other hand, when calcium levels are high in the blood, the parathyroid glands slow down or stop the release of PTH, which can prevent calcium from being taken from the bones or absorbed from the intestines. This helps to maintain proper calcium levels in the blood.
Dysfunction of the parathyroid glands can lead to disorders such as hyperparathyroidism (overproduction of PTH, leading to high calcium levels) or hypoparathyroidism (underproduction of PTH, leading to low calcium levels). These conditions can cause a variety of symptoms including weakness, fatigue, muscle aches, and bone pain.
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