Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney; red blood cell casts are indicative

Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease which is specifically caused by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny blood vessels that are a part of the kidney’s filtration system. Glomeruli function to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood to create urine. Inflammation of these blood vessels can lead to damage and impaired kidney function.

Some of the common causes of glomerulonephritis include:

– Infections such as strep throat, hepatitis B and C, and HIV
– Autoimmune disorders like lupus and Goodpasture’s syndrome
– Reaction to medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics
– Certain types of cancer
– High blood pressure or diabetes

The symptoms of glomerulonephritis can vary, depending on the severity of the inflammation and the progression of the disease. Some common symptoms include:

– Hematuria (blood in the urine)
– Proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine)
– High blood pressure
– Edema (swelling) around the eyes, face, feet, and ankles
– Reduced urine output
– Fatigue
– Nausea and vomiting
– Loss of appetite
– Abdominal pain

Treatment options for glomerulonephritis depend on the underlying cause of the condition. In many cases, medications such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are used to reduce inflammation and regulate the immune system. Other treatment options may include controlling high blood pressure and blood sugar, as well as managing symptoms like swelling and proteinuria. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplant may be necessary.

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