Fundamental Properties of Neurons: Excitability and Conductivity

excitability and conductivity

muscles cells are excitable and are capable of generating action potential, which serves as an electrical stimulus that causes the muscle to contract

Excitability and conductivity are two important properties of living cells, including neurons. Excitability refers to the ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus, which can be either an external or internal signal. Neurons are able to receive and process various types of signals, such as chemical signals, electrical signals, and mechanical signals.

On the other hand, conductivity refers to the ability of a neuron to transmit signals from one location to another. Neurons transmit signals in the form of action potentials, which are brief electrical impulses that travel along the axon of the neuron. The speed of conduction can vary depending on the diameter of the axon and the presence or absence of myelin, a fatty substance that insulates the axon and allows for faster conduction.

Excitability and conductivity are closely related, as the ability of a neuron to transmit signals is dependent on its excitability. In order for a neuron to initiate an action potential, it needs to be excited by a stimulus that reaches a certain threshold. Once this threshold is reached, the neuron becomes depolarized, meaning that the electrical charge inside the cell becomes more positive. This depolarization triggers the opening of voltage-gated ion channels, which allow ions to flow into the cell and cause further depolarization. This process continues down the axon until the action potential reaches the end of the axon, where it can stimulate other neurons or muscle cells.

In summary, excitability and conductivity are two important properties of neurons that enable them to receive and transmit signals. Excitability allows neurons to respond to stimuli, while conductivity allows them to transmit signals from one location to another. These properties are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the control of bodily processes.

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