Matrix
an arrangement of number or letters in rows and column. m x n is used to denote the order of the matrix.
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or elements arranged in rows and columns. Matrices are commonly used in mathematics, computer science, physics, and other scientific fields to encode and manipulate data, particularly in linear algebra.
Matrices are represented by capital letters, such as A, B, C, etc. The individual elements in a matrix are represented by lowercase letters, such as a, b, c, etc. Elements in a matrix are typically referred to by their row and column indices. For example, in a matrix A, the element in row i and column j would be denoted as A[i,j].
Matrices can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and transformed in a variety of ways. Operations such as matrix addition, matrix multiplication, and matrix inversion are commonly used in linear algebra to solve systems of linear equations and to manipulate vectors and other geometric objects.
Some common types of matrices are square matrices (when the number of rows is equal to the number of columns), diagonal matrices (when all off-diagonal elements are zero), and identity matrices (square matrices with diagonal elements equal to 1 and all other elements equal to 0).
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