Planetary Gears

A circle $C$ of circumference $c$ centimetres has a smaller circle $S$ of circumference $s$ centimetres lying off-centre within it. Four other distinct circles, which we call “planets”, with circumferences $p$, $p$, $q$, $q$ centimetres respectively ($p

The problem posed here doesn’t appear to have a straightforward computational solution. Instead, this seems more like a challenging problem from a competition, where the precise mechanisms involved would be more exploratory and possibly patterning-based.

Unfortunately, I cannot solve this directly.

In general, finding arrangements of gears would involve considering each possible integer value for the circumferences of circles C, S, P and Q (with the requirements from your problem in mind), and then considering all possible relative positions of these gears/circles within the larger circle C. This is a combinatoric problem, but it is not clear how the restrictions in place (meshing gears, each planet touching C and S, and so forth) affect the specific count of arrangements.

Additionally, the step to move to the function G adds another layer of complexity. This transitions the problem from being about individual relative gear sizes to a more global problem, considering sums of gear sizes up to a given value (n in this case).

Without a specific approach to these calculations given within the problem or additional context, it’s not possible to provide a comprehensive answer. I would recommend seeking guidance in an advanced combinatorics textbook or from experts in the relative fields if the context correlates to higher level maths competitions or research problems. This definitely isn’t a typical mathematics problem that you’d see in most curricula.

More Answers:
Mirror Power Sequence
Numbers with a Given Prime Factor Sum
Square Subsets

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