Umayyad
Arabic dynasty (661-750), with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east.
The Umayyad dynasty was a Muslim caliphate that ruled from 661 to 750 CE. It was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad and an early convert to Islam. The Umayyad dynasty was based in Damascus, Syria, and extended its rule from the Maghreb in North Africa to the borders of India.
The Umayyads are known for their military conquests, which led to the expansion of the Islamic empire. They also oversaw the construction of many great mosques, including the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, which is still one of the most important monuments of early Islamic architecture.
The Umayyads were notable for their policies of Arabization, which involved the imposition of Arabic language and culture on conquered territories. This led to significant cultural and linguistic changes in many parts of the Islamic world. The Umayyads also faced significant opposition from various religious and political groups, including the Shia Muslims and the Abbasids, who eventually overthrew them in 750 CE.
Overall, the Umayyad dynasty played a significant role in early Islamic history and left a lasting impact on the Islamic world through their military conquests, cultural policies, and architectural achievements.
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