Understanding Oral Thrush: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Oral thrush

Oral thrush, also known as oral candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by overgrowth of Candida fungus in the mouth

Oral thrush, also known as oral candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by overgrowth of Candida fungus in the mouth. Candida is a type of yeast that is normally present in small amounts in our mouth, digestive tract, and skin. However, if there is an imbalance in the natural microorganisms in the mouth, Candida can multiply and cause an infection.

The common symptoms of oral thrush include white, creamy patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or roof of the mouth. These patches may be slightly raised and can sometimes bleed if scraped. Other symptoms can include a sore or burning sensation in the mouth, difficulty in swallowing or tasting food, and cracking at the corners of the mouth.

There are several factors that can increase the risk of developing oral thrush. These include a weakened immune system (such as in individuals with HIV/AIDS or those undergoing chemotherapy), prolonged use of antibiotics or corticosteroids, uncontrolled diabetes, dry mouth, smoking, and poor oral hygiene.

To diagnose oral thrush, a healthcare professional will visually examine the mouth and may also take a sample of the patchy area for further analysis under a microscope or culture it in a laboratory.

Treatment for oral thrush involves antifungal medications that can be taken as a mouthwash, lozenge, or tablet. These medications work to eliminate the Candida fungus and restore the balance of microorganisms in the mouth. It is important to complete the full course of treatment, even if the symptoms improve.

In addition to medication, practicing good oral hygiene is vital in managing and preventing oral thrush. This includes brushing the teeth twice a day and flossing daily, using a soft toothbrush to avoid irritating the mouth, cleaning removable dentures thoroughly and regularly, and avoiding excessive sugary foods and drinks as Candida thrives on sugar.

If you are experiencing symptoms of oral thrush, it is recommended to see a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. They can provide personalized advice and guidance on managing the condition.

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