Everything You Need to Know About Glandular Fever: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, and Prevention

Glandular fever

Glandular fever, also known as infectious mononucleosis, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Glandular fever, also known as infectious mononucleosis, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is most common among teenagers and young adults, but can affect people of all ages. Here is a detailed explanation covering various aspects of glandular fever:

1. Causes:
Glandular fever is primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which is a member of the herpesvirus family. It is usually transmitted through saliva, hence it is often referred to as the “kissing disease.” It can also spread through sharing utensils, drinking glasses, or close contact with an infected individual. Once the virus enters the body, it affects certain types of white blood cells called B lymphocytes, leading to their proliferation and resulting in various symptoms.

2. Symptoms:
The symptoms of glandular fever can vary from mild to severe and typically last for several weeks. Common symptoms include:
– Fatigue and weakness
– Sore throat and swollen tonsils
– Enlarged lymph nodes, especially in the neck and armpits
– Fever and chills
– Muscle aches and headaches
– Loss of appetite and weight loss
– Skin rash (in some cases)
– Enlarged spleen and liver
– Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes – rare cases)

3. Diagnosis:
A diagnosis of glandular fever is usually made based on the patient’s symptoms, physical examination findings, and specific laboratory tests. A blood test called the monospot test or EBV antibody test is commonly used to detect antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus. This test can help confirm the presence of the virus and differentiate it from other infections with similar symptoms.

4. Treatment:
Since glandular fever is caused by a viral infection, there is no specific treatment to cure it. Most cases of glandular fever resolve on their own with supportive care. The treatment mainly aims at managing symptoms and promoting recovery. Measures that can help include:
– Getting plenty of rest and avoiding strenuous activities
– Drinking fluids to prevent dehydration
– Taking over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen) to alleviate fever, headaches, and muscle pain
– Gargling with warm saltwater or using throat lozenges for sore throat relief
– Avoiding alcohol and any medications that may further damage the liver

5. Complications:
While most individuals recover fully from glandular fever without any serious complications, some may experience certain issues, such as:
– Splenic rupture: The enlarged spleen is more susceptible to injury or rupture, especially if engaged in contact sports or activities that may result in abdominal trauma. Therefore, it is important to avoid contact sports until the spleen is no longer enlarged.
– Secondary infections: Glandular fever weakens the immune system, making affected individuals more susceptible to bacterial infections, such as strep throat or sinusitis.
– Prolonged fatigue: Some people may experience persistent fatigue and weakness even after the infection has resolved. This condition is known as post-viral fatigue syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome.

6. Prevention:
To reduce the risk of glandular fever, it is important to practice good hygiene, especially in cases where an individual in close proximity is infected. Measures include:
– Avoiding close contact with infected individuals, especially during the acute phase of the illness.
– Not sharing personal items like utensils, drinking glasses, or toothbrushes.
– Regularly washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizers, especially after contact with saliva.

It is important to note that the information provided here is for educational purposes only, and a medical professional should be consulted for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of glandular fever.

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