Understanding Shoulder Fractures: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What structures are commonly fractured in the shoulder?

The shoulder is a complex joint composed of several bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles

The shoulder is a complex joint composed of several bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Fractures in the shoulder can occur in different structures, but the most commonly fractured bones are the clavicle (collarbone), humerus (upper arm bone), and scapula (shoulder blade).

1. Clavicle fracture:
The clavicle is a long bone that connects the sternum (breastbone) to the scapula. Clavicle fractures often occur due to a direct blow to the shoulder or a fall onto an outstretched hand. These fractures are quite common and easily identifiable because the broken collarbone often causes a visible deformity. Symptoms include sharp pain, severe tenderness, bruising, swelling, and difficulty moving the arm.

2. Humerus fracture:
Fractures in the humerus can occur near the proximal end (closest to the shoulder joint) or the distal end (closest to the elbow joint). Fractures near the proximal end, known as proximal humerus fractures, are more common in older individuals with weakened bones, usually resulting from a fall or a direct blow. Fractures near the distal end can occur from traumatic injuries or falls. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty moving the arm, and a deformity may be visible depending on the severity of the fracture.

3. Scapula fracture:
Scapula fractures are less common than clavicle or humerus fractures and often result from high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or sports injuries. The scapula is a large triangular bone in the upper back that contributes to the shoulder joint. Symptoms of a scapula fracture include severe pain, swelling, bruising, limited range of motion, and visible deformity if the fracture is displaced.

Aside from these bones, other structures in the shoulder that can also be fractured include the glenoid (the socket of the shoulder joint) or the acromion (a bony projection of the scapula that forms part of the shoulder joint).

If you suspect a fracture in your shoulder, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. X-rays or other diagnostic imaging tests will be used to confirm the fracture, and the appropriate treatment, such as immobilization, medication for pain relief, or surgery, will be determined based on the specific type and severity of the fracture.

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