Understanding the Normal Force: Definition, Examples, and Importance in Equilibrium Analysis

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it is commonly known as normal force

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it is commonly known as normal force. The normal force is a reaction force that occurs whenever two surfaces are in contact with each other and is directed perpendicular to the surface of contact.

To understand the normal force, let’s take an example. Consider placing a book on a table. The force of gravity acting on the book pulls it downwards. However, the book does not fall through the table because the table exerts an equal and opposite force called the normal force. This normal force counteracts the gravitational force and prevents the book from sinking into the table.

The normal force can vary depending on the situation. For example, if you push down on the book with your hand, you increase the force of gravity acting on it. In response, the table’s normal force also increases to counterbalance this additional force.

In some cases, the normal force can be less than the weight of an object. For instance, if you place a book on an inclined plane, the normal force will be less than the gravitational force pulling the book downward. This reduction occurs because a component of the gravitational force acts parallel to the inclined plane, causing the normal force to lessen.

To summarize, the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it is the normal force. It acts in the opposite direction to a force applied on the surface and prevents objects from passing through it. Understanding normal force is crucial in analyzing the equilibrium of objects on various surfaces and inclines.

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