Hepatitis C: A Major Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development

The nurse is interviewing a patient suspected of having hepatocellular carcinoma. Which of the following conditions is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma?- Portal hypertension- Reye’s Syndrome- Cholestasis- Cholelithiasis- Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Hepatitis C is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver and can lead to inflammation and liver damage over time. Chronic inflammation and liver cell injury can eventually lead to the development of HCC, which is the most common type of primary liver cancer.

It is important to note that not all individuals with hepatitis C will develop HCC, but having chronic hepatitis C infection significantly increases the risk. Approximately 80-90% of HCC cases worldwide are attributed to either chronic hepatitis B or C infections.

Portal hypertension, which is increased blood pressure in the portal vein system that carries blood to the liver, is not a direct risk factor for HCC development. However, portal hypertension can result from advanced liver diseases such as hepatitis C or cirrhosis, which are risk factors themselves.

Reye’s Syndrome, a rare and severe condition typically affecting children and teenagers, primarily affects the brain and liver. While liver involvement occurs in Reye’s Syndrome, it is not considered a major risk factor for HCC.

Cholestasis refers to a reduction or cessation of bile flow, which can occur due to various liver disorders. While cholestasis may contribute to liver cell injury, it is not considered a major risk factor for HCC.

Cholelithiasis, commonly known as gallstones, is the presence of hardened deposits in the gallbladder or bile ducts. While chronic cholelithiasis can lead to inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), it is not considered a major risk factor for HCC.

In summary, among the conditions listed, hepatitis C is the major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of hepatitis C infection can help reduce the risk of HCC development.

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