Arrange the following parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological order.
To arrange the parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological order, we need to understand the step-by-step sequence of events
To arrange the parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological order, we need to understand the step-by-step sequence of events. The following is the chronological order:
1. Transcription Initiation: The first step is the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of the gene. This process prepares the gene for transcription.
2. Transcription: During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule using the DNA template strand. This results in the production of a primary transcript, also known as pre-mRNA.
3. RNA Processing: After transcription, pre-mRNA undergoes several modifications to form mature mRNA. These modifications include capping, polyadenylation, and splicing.
4. RNA Splicing: In this process, introns (non-coding regions) are removed from the pre-mRNA. The remaining exons (coding regions) are joined together, resulting in a continuous coding sequence.
5. RNA Export: Once mature mRNA is formed, it is transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores.
6. Translation Initiation: In the cytoplasm, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA molecule. This complex then scans the mRNA until it reaches the start codon (usually AUG).
7. Translation: Ribosomes, along with transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, read the mRNA codons and add the corresponding amino acids. This process results in the synthesis of a polypeptide chain according to the genetic code.
8. Post-Translational Modifications: After translation, the newly synthesized polypeptide chain may undergo post-translational modifications, such as folding, cleavage, phosphorylation, or addition of other chemical groups.
It is worth noting that these steps are generalized and may vary for different genes or organisms. However, this chronological order provides a basic understanding of the eukaryotic gene expression process.
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