Heartburn is caused by
Heartburn is caused by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus
Heartburn is caused by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. At the lower end of the esophagus, there is a circular muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) that normally acts as a barrier to prevent backflow of stomach acid.
However, there are several factors that can weaken or relax the LES, leading to the backflow of stomach acid and causing heartburn. Some of the common causes of heartburn include:
1. Diet: Certain foods and beverages such as spicy foods, fatty or fried foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, coffee, alcohol, and carbonated drinks can trigger heartburn.
2. Overeating: Consuming large meals or eating too quickly can put pressure on the LES, causing stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus.
3. Hiatal hernia: A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm, a muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen. This can weaken the LES and increase the likelihood of acid reflux.
4. Obesity: Excess weight can put pressure on the abdomen, leading to increased pressure on the LES and causing acid reflux.
5. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can relax the LES, allowing stomach acid to back up into the esophagus.
6. Smoking: Smoking can irritate the lining of the esophagus and weaken the LES, making heartburn more likely to occur.
To alleviate heartburn symptoms, lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter medications can be used. This may include avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding lying down immediately after eating, raising the head of the bed while sleeping, and taking antacids or other acid-reducing medications.
However, if heartburn symptoms persist or occur frequently, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and appropriate management.
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