Uncovering the Role of Antibodies in Infectious Mononucleosis: A Guide to IgM and Heterophile Antibody Testing

antibodies that are increased in infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono or glandular fever, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono or glandular fever, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV primarily infects and replicates in B-cells, a type of white blood cell, leading to an increase in certain antibodies that can be detected through laboratory testing. Two specific antibodies that are commonly elevated in infectious mononucleosis are:

1. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies: IgM antibodies are the first line of defense produced by the immune system in response to an infection. In the case of infectious mononucleosis, an increase in EBV-specific IgM antibodies can be observed during the acute phase of the illness. These antibodies are important for identifying the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus and indicate a recent or active infection.

2. Heterophile antibodies: Heterophile antibodies are non-specific antibodies that can cross-react with different antigens. A particular kind of heterophile antibody, called the heterophile antibody test, is used as a diagnostic tool for infectious mononucleosis. This test detects the presence of antibodies that react with components from red blood cells of animals, such as sheep or horse red blood cells. These antibodies are produced as a result of the immune response against EBV infection.

It’s important to note that the levels of antibodies can vary during the course of infectious mononucleosis. IgM antibodies tend to peak during the acute phase of the infection and then decline over time. Heterophile antibodies, on the other hand, can persist for longer periods, even after the acute phase has resolved.

Laboratory testing, including the measurement of these antibodies, helps in confirming the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis along with clinical symptoms and other laboratory findings. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management if you suspect you have infectious mononucleosis or have been exposed to someone with the illness.

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