The Importance of Guanine-Cytosine Base Pairing in DNA Structure and Function

a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine

The nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine is called guanine

The nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine is called guanine. In the structure of DNA, nitrogenous bases are arranged in pairs, with guanine always pairing with cytosine. This base pairing is referred to as complementary base pairing, and it is a fundamental principle in the structure and functioning of DNA.

Guanine and cytosine form a strong bond through hydrogen bonding. The specific interaction between these bases is based on the ability of guanine to form three hydrogen bonds with cytosine. This hydrogen bonding is essential for maintaining the stability and integrity of the DNA molecule.

The base pairing between guanine and cytosine is crucial for DNA replication and genetic information transfer during cell division. During DNA replication, an enzyme called DNA polymerase helps in the synthesis of new DNA strands. It recognizes the complementary base pairing of guanine and cytosine and ensures that the correct nucleotides are added to the growing daughter strands.

Additionally, the base pairing between guanine and cytosine contributes to the stability of the DNA double helix structure. The alternating arrangement of guanine-cytosine and adenine-thymine base pairs helps to maintain the uniform width of the DNA molecule and provides structural support. This stable structure is crucial for the correct functioning of DNA in storing and transmitting genetic information.

In summary, guanine is the nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine. The complementary base pairing between guanine and cytosine is vital for DNA replication, genetic information transfer, and maintenance of the DNA double helix structure. Understanding this base pairing is crucial for understanding the fundamental principles of DNA structure and function.

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