an enzyme that “unzips” DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together between the nitrogen bases
The enzyme that “unzips” DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together between the nitrogen bases is called DNA helicase
The enzyme that “unzips” DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together between the nitrogen bases is called DNA helicase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in DNA replication and transcription processes.
DNA helicase is a type of enzyme known as a molecular motor. It uses the energy from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) hydrolysis to move along the DNA molecule and separate the two strands. It does so by disrupting the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases. These bases include adenine (A) bonding with thymine (T) and guanine (G) bonding with cytosine (C).
The helicase enzyme binds to a specific region on the DNA molecule, known as the origin of replication. Once bound, it begins to unwind the double helix structure by breaking the hydrogen bonds. As the helicase moves along the DNA molecule, it continuously separates the strands, creating a replication fork.
After the DNA is unzipped, other enzymes and proteins come into play to stabilize the open DNA strands and prevent them from quickly reannealing. These stabilizing proteins are known as single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs).
The separated DNA strands can now serve as templates for DNA replication or transcription. In DNA replication, DNA polymerase enzyme recognizes the exposed bases and adds nucleotides complementary to the template strand, resulting in the formation of two identical DNA molecules. In transcription, RNA polymerase enzyme adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the template DNA strand, creating a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
Overall, DNA helicase is a vital enzyme in DNA replication and transcription processes as it initiates the “unzipping” of the DNA molecule by breaking hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases.
More Answers:
The Importance of Base Pairing in DNA: Cytosine and Guanine as Complementary PartnersThe Importance of Base Pairing in Molecular Biology: A Fundamental Rule for DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation
The Importance of Guanine-Cytosine Base Pairing in DNA Structure and Function